The History of Montessori Schools

The History of Montessori Schools A Montessori school is a school that follows the teachings of Dr. Maria Montessori,  an Italian doctor who devoted herself to educating the children of Romes ghettos. She became famous for her visionary methods and insight into how children learn. Her teachings spawned an educational movement which is enormously popular throughout the world. Learn more about Montessori teachings. The Montessori Philosophy A progressive movement with more than 100-years of success worldwide, the Montessori Philosophy centers around an approach that is child-directed  and is based on scientific research that comes from observation of individuals from birth to adulthood. There is a particular focus on allowing children to make their own choices in learning, with a teacher guiding the process rather than leading it. Much of the education method relies on hands-on learning, self-directed activity, and collaborative play.   Since the name Montessori is not protected by any copyright, Montessori in the name of a school does not necessarily mean that it adheres to the Montessori philosophy of education. Nor does it mean that it is accredited by the American Montessori Society or the Association Montessori Internationale. So, buyer beware is an important caution to keep in mind when looking for a Montessori school. Montessori Methodology Montessori schools theoretically cover infant education through matriculation from high school. In practice, most Montessori schools offer infant education through 8th grade. In fact, 90% of Montessori schools have very young children: ages 3 to 6. The centerpiece of the Montessori approach is allowing children to learn on their own while being guided by the teacher. Montessori teachers do not correct work and hand it back with lots of red marks. A childs work is not graded. The teacher assesses what the child has learned and then guides him into new areas of discovery. This description of a Montessori school was written by Ruth Hurvitz of The Montessori School in Wilton, CT:   The Montessori Schools culture is devoted to helping each child grow toward independence by building confidence, competence, self-esteem and respect for others. More than an approach to education, Montessori is an approach to life. The program at The Montessori School, both in philosophy and pedagogy, is based on the scientific research work of Dr. Maria Montessori and on AMI Montessori training. The School respects children as self-directed individuals and fosters their growth toward independence and social responsibility, while creating a joyful, diverse and family-oriented community. The Montessori Classroom Montessori classrooms are designed in a multi-age mix from toddlers through adolescents which allow  for both individual and social development. The classrooms are beautiful by design. They are set up in an open style, with work areas throughout the room and materials available on accessible shelving. Most lessons are given to small groups or individual children while other children are working independently. The school uses stories, Montessori materials, charts, timelines, objects of nature, treasures from the wealth of cultures around the worlds and sometimes conventional tools to teach the children. Guided by the teacher, Montessori students actively participate in planning their time and taking responsibility for their work. Committed to diversity, The Montessori School community is inclusive and depends on the tenets of respect. The school believes in sharing what we have with those in need and encouraging children to learn to live responsibly in the world. At The Montessori School, students are inspired to live both passionately and compassionately in a global community. Montessori vs Traditional Primary Education One of the differences between Dr. Montessoris approach to early childhood education and the approach found in many primary schools is the adoption of elements of the multiple intelligences theory. Harvard professor Howard Gardner developed and codified this theory in the late 20th century. Dr. Maria Montessori would seem to have developed her approach to teaching children along very similar lines. Regardless of who thought of it first, the multiple intelligences theory proposes  that children do not just learn using reading and writing intelligences. Many parents live by this theory because that is how they nurture their babies from birth. There are many parents who believe that too often, children who have been raised to use all their intelligence will go off to schools where they are severely restricted in what they learn and how they learn it, thus making a traditional public school a less than ideal option. If multiple intelligences are important to your child-rearing philosophy, then Montessori and Waldorf schools are worth a look. You also will want to read about the progressive education movement which was germinating about the same time as Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner were putting their educational theories into practice.

Praise the Humble Dung Beetle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Praise the Humble Dung Beetle - Essay Example The media as well as the law makers are biased towards these invertebrates although these creatures are of tremendous importance to the society. It is not the large animals that are feeding the majority of the population. It is these invertebrates that help in the stabilization of soil and help in providing people with majority of their diet. Furthermore they even help in the development of necessary drugs for serious illnesses. Such as the molecules that help in the development of a drug called compound taxol that helps in the treatment of breast cancer and they even help in developing a medicine for patients suffering from leukemia. Their existence is even essential to encourage scientists in developing new elements. For example they have encouraged engineers in developing methods that can help in the extraction of water from fog. These invertebrates are very necessary and the government needs to take measures such as providing them protection under Endangered Species

Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organisations - Essay Example This paper primarily deals with the responsibility of the multi national giant Unilever's responsibility to its stakeholders. It also identifies who the stake holders are and the ethical issues involved in relation to the benchmarks and models set up by the CSR. The Stakeholder: The Merriam Webster online dictionary defines a stake holder as "a person entrusted with the stakes of bettors" and "one that has a stake in an enterprise ". This definition takes the traditional view of the term stake holder. Another definition form the site Encarta defines stakeholder as "a person or group with a direct interest, involvement, or investment in something, e.g. the employees, stockholders, and customers of a business concern". From a legal standpoint too, stakeholder is considered to be a person holding shares or stocks in a company. All these definitions agree on one point, but disagree on others, making the issue confusing. Since this paper deals with Unilever, an analysis as to what the company thinks of the definition will be worth looking into. Unilever categorises stake holders into two groups, the first one to include all those who have direct contact with the company. They include investors, employees, customers and suppliers. The other group comprise of those who have an indirect relationship with Unilever and include the government and its various regulatory departments, non profit organisations, academics and citizens. "Our success as a company depends on good relationships with a broad range of people and organisations who have a stake in our business. With some, such as our customers, employees, suppliers and investors, the relationship is based on direct contact or financial involvement with the business. Others, such as governments and regulators, local communities, civil society organisations, academics and individual concerned citizens, have a wider interest in what we do and in our impacts on society as a whole." (Our approach, 2008). The Stakeholders of Unilever: Customers: Unilever considers its customers to be stakeholders of the company. How customers can be considered a stakeholder can be illustrated by the following point. Unilever uses chemicals in the manufacture of its detergent brands like surf and sunlight. The company cannot use cheaper, but harmful chemicals with the aim of increasing its bottom-line. The company has a social responsibility to see that none of its customers who use the detergent have problems for their skins or clothes. Employees: The livelihood of its employees depends on the ability of the company to pay them their salaries. The company has to remain profitable to sustain this practice. So Unilever has a responsibility to see that its operations remain profitable. Suppliers: For a company like Unilever, there would be a large number of suppliers responsible for the supply of the variety of raw materials, services and other products required for manufacturing and administration. They have to be paid according to the conditions stipulated and it's the company's responsibility to see that it is done. Investors: this category, as a stakeholder does not need clarification since it falls into the traditional and legal view of the term stakeholder. Any company has to ensure that their stakeholders, which include individuals and institutions, are kept happy by ensuring a favorable return on their

How Did Colonization of the Americas Both Enrich And Weaken European Essay

How Did Colonization of the Americas Both Enrich And Weaken European Countries - Essay Example The Europeans carried out farming in these lands belonging to Americans and shipped the farm proceeds back home. This played a phenomenal role in ensuring that food shortage could not be experienced in the European countries. Therefore, European countries benefitted from carrying out farming in land belonging to Americans (Kicza, 2003). During the time of colonizing America, English, Basque, and French fishing fleets arrived and regularly visited the coasts of Cape Cod and Newfoundland. The fishing fleets set up semi-permanent camps to dry their catches on the coasts. In addition, these fleets were involved in trade with local Indians, which was of immense benefits to the European countries. They exchanged manufactured goods for commodities such as furs, thus encouraging and contributing to trade activities in Europe. Therefore, the European countries enriched themselves by acquiring fishing grounds in America and gaining commodities not produced in Europe (Picket & Picket, 2011). Du ring the conquest and the subsequent colonization of America by European countries, Europe benefitted immensely as they were able to provide for their large population. European countries that conquered America attained land, which they used to grow crops such as tobacco that could be sold in Europe; for example, the colony of Jamestown was used for tobacco growing. Tobacco from this colony was exported to England by 1619. The Europeans also benefitted from the cheap labor available in America. For example, Native American Indians could be enslaved and used to provide labor in the farms belonging to the European settlers. Furthermore, African Americans sold during the Atlantic slave trade acted as cheap sources of labor in the farms of European settlers (Mancall, 1995). Countries... This paper approves that the Colonization of America weakened the European countries in a number of ways. One of the ways in which the colonization weakened the European countries included loss of some of their cultural beliefs as they got influence from America. Issues of gender in Europe mainly centered on patriarchy while most of the Americans used to be matriarchal. Colonization of America weakened the culture of patriarchy, which was a common phenomenon in Europe. As a result, European countries were forced to accept some of the aspects of the American culture, such as matriarchy, which used to be traditionally unacceptable in the European cultures. The colonization of America by European countries led to the American Revolution, which culminated the rule of Britain in North America. This report makes a conclusion that European countries reaped immense benefits from the colonization of America. Through colonization of America, they acquired resources and essential raw materials that could be used in European industries. They also carried out trade easily between themselves by colonizing America. However, there were ways in which the European countries were weakened by colonization of America. These countries invested a lot of their resources to fight and conquer the colonies. This weakened their economies and quality of life in Europe. These countries were also involved in constant wars between themselves as each country strived to exercise control over America.

Data Privacy in India

Data Privacy in India Data is a set of values, it can be facts, numbers, text or images. The word data originated from a Latin word â€Å"Datum† in mid 18th century, which means â€Å"something given†. Data that is accurately timely organized processed for a purpose and presented within a context that makes it meaningful relevant forms an information. Information is very valuable asset as it can impact the behavior, decision or outcome of things. In todays technology world, with the tremendous use of Internet rise in transfer of data, encompassing multiple technologies geographies, preserving the data assumes a greater importance. Moreover, Privacy concerns also exist wherever personally identifiable information is collected, stored transferred in digital form or otherwise. Article 21 of constitution of India speaks of right to life personal liberty. Thus, failure of disclosure controls can become the cause for privacy issues. Data privacy issues can arise as a result of information that are collected from different sources, such as: Medical healthrecords Court proceedings or criminal records Bank details transaction Biometrics Genetic informations Residenceand geographic records Race Ethnicity The main challenge in data privacy is to process, stored share data while protecting it. Protecting the data comes in light due the susceptibility of data increase rate of cyber crime. Cyber crime means any criminal activities done using the medium of computers, the Internet, cyber space and the worldwide web. To name a few cyber crime are : Hacking, Email spooling, Data theft, Identity theft, Spreading viruses worms, etc. Data theft is a potential crime resulting in data privacy breach which can happen due to the following Poor Networking / Internet connection Choices Improper Shredding/ Deleting/ Document Management Practices Identity Theft Resulting From Public Databases Tax Records Theft Inadequate Protection or Monitoring process Poor E-mailing Standards Failing to Choose a Secure Password Not Securing New Computers, Hard Drives dongles, etc Thus to address the above data privacy breach issues, the concepts of data protection were introduced in Information Technology Act 2000 (Amended 2008), through: â€Å"Section 43A, which deals with implementation ofreasonable security practicesforsensitive personal data or informationand provides for the compensation of the person affected bysuch data breach †. â€Å"Section 72A, states that in case of breach of data privacy , there would be imprisonment for a period extending to 3 years and/or a fine which can be upto Rs. 5,00,000 for a person who causeswrongful loss or gainby disclosing personal information of another person while providing services for the designated lawful purpose as per contract.† The Ministry of communication Information Technology, released rules- IT (reasonable security practices procedures sensitive personal data or Information) Rules,2011, which throws light on 1. Applicability 2. Collection of sensitive data 3. Processing of sensitive data 4. Access to sensitive data 5. Disclosure of sensitive data 6. Publication of sensitive data 7. Security measures Penalties 1. Applicability: The rule says that the Body corporate have to implement such security practices standards that commensurate with the information assets protection policy. Rules also set out that ISO 27001/IEC 27001 or any international standard in par with these standards could also be implemented by a body corporate. The Body corporate needs to get certified/audited by an independent auditor approved by Central Government annually 2. Collection of sensitive personal data: Data must be collected for a lawful purpose for a function of the body corporate for which such data is required necessary. Prior written consent of the data provider must be obtained for the data collection. 3. Processing and Retention of Data The timeframes for retention of Sensitive Data is not specifically defined in the Data Privacy rules. However , it says that the rules do not override any provisions of any other laws, wherein it is specified that the maximum period of retention of sensitive data is for say 5 years or so. Sensitive Data should be used only for the purpose for which it is collected not otherwise. â€Å"Section 67C of the IT Act requires the intermediaries to retains such information, and for such period of time, as mandated by the Central Government. 4. Access Restrictions Sensitive Personal Data/ Information (SPDI) can be reviewed/amended by the information provider. They can withdraw the consent at any point of time as well. The rules provide that they could be transfer of SPDI in case of necessity for performance of lawful contract. The detail procedure the timeline within which the data provider has the right to access the information make changes is not clearly defined in the Data privacy rules. 5. Disclosure of Information SPDI can not be disclosed unless prior consent of the data provider is obtained. However, in the following instances such disclosures can be made Under a provision of a contract between the body corporate and Provider; or Made to Government agencies as stipulated by law to obtain Sensitive Data for the purposes of verification of identity, or for the prevention, detection, investigation, prosecution and punishment of offences, including cyber incidents; or In pursuant to an order under the law. 6. Publication of sensitive data Neither the body corporate nor the Data Processor are permitted to publish Sensitive Data in any manner. A third party that receives Sensitive Data from any body corporate or Data Processor is prohibited from disclosing it further. A body corporate and a Data Processor are required to publish on their respective websites a privacy policy in regard to the processing of Sensitive Data 7. Security measures Penalties The Data Privacy Rules require that they must contain managerial, technical, operational and physical security control measures that are commensurate with the information assets being protected and with the nature of business. The International Standard IS/ISO/IEC 27001 is recognized as an approved security practices that the body corporate or the information provider should implement to comply with security measures under the Data Privacy Rules. If there is an information security breach, then the body corporate information provider needs to prove that they have implemented the security control measures as per information security program and policies. Body corporate has to appoint a Grievance Officer to resolve the grievances of the Data Provider. The communication details of the Grievance Officer must be available on the website of the body corporate. It is the duty of the grievance officer to resolve/address the grievances within 1 month. Conclusion Human resources, software , hardware, information security design can be utilized for addressing the data privacy issues. Ignorance of the implication of the Acts regulation is a major hindrance. The laws regulations relating to data protection are constantly changing thus its important to keep up-to-date of any changes implement such procedures practices to combat the Data privacy breaches. As the regulations acts prescribes that such data privacy breaches are liable for criminal prosecution penalties, it is the responsibility of SPDI Provider the organization using the data to ensure proper adequate controls are in place as a counter measure for such data privacy breaches.

The Hidden Relationship Between Government and Media :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Hidden Relationship Between Government and Media Rather than being a neutral conduit for the communication of information, the U.S. media plays an intricate role in shaping and controlling political opinions. Media is extremely powerful in the sense that without an adequate functioning media, it is virtually impossible for a sophisticated social structure like the U.S. Government to exist. Henceforth, all known sophisticated social structure, have always dependent upon the media’s ability to socialize. The U.S. government generally will exploit the media, often times manipulating the enormous power of the printed word. Ultimately empowering the U.S. government, strengthening it with the ability to determine and control the popular perception of reality. One way in which government achieves this objective, is by its ability to misuse the media’s ability to set the agenda. Contrary to popular belief, media is in fact an enormous hegemony. In fact, separate independent news organizations relatively do not exist. Rather than creating an independent structured agenda of there own, generally lesser smaller news organizations adapt to a prepared agenda, previously constructed by a higher medium. Based upon this information alone, it is quite apparent that media functions in adherence to the characteristics of a hierarchy. This simply means that media is structured in a way that it operates functioning from top to bottom. This is also identical to the hierarchical nature of the human body, in that from the commands of the brain transferred through the central nervous system, the body responds accordingly. In order for the U.S. government to control and determine the public’s popular perception of reality, the government must shape and oversee the information that the media reports to the existing populous. This particular process of democracy is known and referred to by political scientists as cognitive socialization. However, many of us, who do not adhere to the cushioning of political correctn ess, refer to it as the propaganda machine. Numerous political scientists consider cognitive socialization to be the most effective form of political socialization. According to theory, cognitive socialization is doctored up information, which is strategically fragmented in such a manipulative manner, that the probability of its rationalization is highly predictable. The manipulative properties of cognitive socialization are so diabolical and Machiavellian in nature, that I consider it to be the ultimate perversion of the democratic process. In all seriousness, numerous intellectuals, and gentleman held in good stature agree, that cognitive socialization is the product of an evil genius.

Cell Phones Essay Essay

Cell phones have been around for centuries. On April 3, 1973 the first portable phone was introduced. Many Americans and people around the world use cell phones almost everyday. Cell phones do have pros, but they do have their cons too. Five pros on the cell phone are that they believe that cell phone use is not associated with the risk of developing a brain tumor. The second pro is that in 2000 the FDA and the International Association for the Wireless Telecommunications (CTIA) signed a research agreement for further investigation on the health effects of cell phones. After the investigation, they discovered that â€Å"no association was found between exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation from cell phones and adverse health effects. The third pro is that in May 2001 the GAO reports â€Å"Research and Regulatory Efforts on Mobile Phone Health Issues,† they did conclude that there had been no scientific evidence that can prove that cell phone radiation had any health effects, but that more research on the topic was indeed needed. The fourth pro is that Cell phones may be the world’s best invention to this day; â€Å"In 2008 the $148.1 billion wireless industry had over 270 million subscribers in the US (87% of the population) who used over 2.2 trillion minutes of call time.† The fifth pro is in December of 2012 the $185 billion wireless industry had gained 326,475,248 wireless subscriber connections in the US and 301,779 cell phone tower sites across the country. Five cons on the cell phones are that they say the accurate amount of time for cancer to develop is 20-30 years and cell phone studies have monitored periods of 10 years or less. The second con is that on February 26, 1985 the first official safety guidelines for radio frequency (RF) radiation was enacted by the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to protect the people from being exposed to any dangerous â€Å"thermal effects† – levels of RF that could possibly heat human flesh to harmful temperatures. A third con is that in 1993 there was a major concern that there could be a possible link with the brain and cell phone use. A husband sued a cell phone manufacturer in Florida’s US Distract Court for the cause of his wife’s brain tumor. The fourth con is that there is proof that exposure to high end (ionizing)  radiation of ultra-violet lights, X-rays, and Gamma rays are known to cause cancer. The last con for the cell phone is â€Å"The INTERPHONE study, a 13 country, 10 year, $25 million endeavor, found that there was no overall increase in the risk of the brain tumors glioma or meningioma among cell phone users, but also found â€Å"suggestions of an increased risk of glioma, and much less so meningioma, at the highest exposer levels.† The study concluded that the evidence was not strong enough to prove a casual link between cell phone use and the development of brain tumors.† Cell phones are used for many things nowadays. Teens are constantly on there phones talking, texting, playing games, watching videos, etc. Although many people seem to love this device, it does have its faults in the process of using it.